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家長園地

千萬種謊言逃避做功課 家長如何是好?

小朋友每次做功課,都訛稱自己肚痛、要上洗手間或想睡覺,千萬種謊言與藉口。重視品格培養的家長自然會感到嬲怒,因為他們對子女不誠實的行為都是零容忍的。但為甚麼孩子總是逃避做功課?為甚麼他們又要以謊言去掩飾呢?

小朋友逃避做功課,很多時不是他們不願意做,而是做不到。小朋友都會希望自己又乖巧又聰明,但當他們發現自己做不到功課,便會認為自己不夠聰明。他無法接受,便會以說謊來掩飾和逃避。一般而言,智力正常但有學習障礙的小朋友,他們的學業表現都會受到一定程度的影響,但在其他方面,他們一樣可以表現出色。而且不論他們智力水平高低,只要使用對的方法,加上適量訓練,他們亦能建立相應能力。

但人為甚麼會說謊呢?當一個人覺得自己處於不安的環境時,便會啟動防衛機制保護自己。而說謊便是其中一種以逃避方式來應對危機的表現。如果家長希望幫到子女,便要讓他勇於說真話,這樣家長才能理解子女真正不明白的地方。

 

如何令子女勇於說真說話?你要讓子女知道,即使他不夠聰明,你依然會這麼愛她,以他為喜樂,對他有耐性,並且會一起想辦法協助他解決困難,從而建立他的安全感,讓他安心透露內心的不明白與困難。但相反,若其經驗令他認為因他不夠聰明,會引來媽媽對他發脾氣及埋怨,他便不敢說真話,甚至啟動自我保護機制,用大人一看便能拆穿的謊言保護自己。

這時候孩子不但無法保護自己,更會惹來更大的麻煩,因為媽媽會更生氣,便會主動認錯,又會承諾不再說謊。惟事實上,他功課的困難並未解決,形成造成惡性循環。因此,我們鼓勵家長學習接納子女的不足,令子女對你有信心,覺得安全,自然對你敞開心扉。

撰文:家庭動力心理輔導員賴舜薇



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Parents Zone

3 big tricks to let young children know the emotions & improve their social skills

Since children are only about two or three years old, their knowledge of the world will become deeper and deeper, teaching them to understand emotions can help them express their feelings and encourage them to put themselves in the position of understanding the feelings of others, thereby enhancing their social skills.

Tip 1: Parents and children watch cartoons together
Parents can watch more cartoons with their children. Often, the expressions of the characters in these cartoons are exaggerated so that children can identify the emotions and feelings of the characters and ask them about their reasons and solutions. Parents and children watching stories and the storytelling process, in fact, can also ask children to replace the characters in the story and think about what they feel.

For example, in the story of the three little pigs, parents can ask their children, “If you are a little pig and your house is blown down, how would you feel?” If you were the big pig and your house was not blown down, how would you feel? This allows them to put themselves in other people’s shoes more often.

Tip 2: Put yourself in their shoes
n daily life, parents can also try to grasp the opportunity to let their children know that their behavior will affect the feelings of others. For example, when a child does something bad or misbehaves, ask him, “What do you think about mommy’s emotions right now? It turns out that mommy is angry, so they know that their behaviors affect others.

Tip 3: Ask your child to keep a diary of daily events
Parents can also try to ask their children to draw or write down the events of each day in a diary, and how they feel about themselves or others, to deepen their emotional awareness.

Further, parents can teach their children that there are different levels of feelings and emotions. For example, happy can be a little happy, very happy, or super happy. Parents can also play simple games with their children, such as asking them at a theme park, “Are you a little happy, very happy, or super happy?” If you are a little happy, take one step; if you are very happy, take two steps; and if you are super happy, take three steps. Let the children know more about these emotions.

Written by: Speech Therapist Mother, Miss Carley

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家長園地

3大招數讓幼兒認識情緒 提升社交技巧

小朋友到了約兩、三歲,其實他們對於世界的認知會愈來愈深的,教導他們認識情緒,其實可以幫助他們抒發內心感受,以及鼓勵他們設身處地理解別人的感受,從而提升社交技巧。

招數1:家長同小朋友一起睇卡通片
家長可以多些與小朋友看卡通片,很多時候這些卡通片的人物表情都是很誇張,可以讓小朋友辨認人物的情緒及感受,詢問他們的原因和解決方法等。家長和小朋友看故事和說故事過程中,其實也可以請小朋友代入故事內的人物,想想他們有甚麼感受。

例如三隻小豬的故事,家長可問他們如果你是小豬,你的房子被人吹倒了,你會覺得怎麼樣?如果你是大豬,你的房子沒有被人吹倒,你又會覺得怎麼樣?這可讓他們多些設身處地來推敲別人的感受。

招數2:將心比心
在日常生活中,家長也可以嘗試抓緊機會,讓小朋友知道原來自己的行為,是會影響到別人的感受。例如當小朋友做了一些不乖或壞的事情,可以問他「你覺得媽媽現在情緒是怎麼樣?」原來媽媽會生氣的,讓他們知道自己的行為其實也會影響別人。

招數3:請小朋友用日記形式紀錄每日的事
家長也可以嘗試請小朋友以日記形式,畫下或寫下每一天發生的事情,以及他在當中自己或別人的感受,加深他們情緒方面的認知。

再進一步,其實家長也可以教導小朋友,我們感受和情緒也有不同的程度之分。例如開心,可以是少許開心、很開心和十分開心。家長也可以與他們玩簡單遊戲,例如在主題樂園時,可以問小朋友「你是少許開心、很開心還是十分開心呢?如果少許開心就行一步、很開心行兩步或十分開心行三步。」讓小朋友更加進一步認識這些情緒。

撰文:言語治療師媽媽Miss Carley

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“Poverty leads to change, change leads to adapt” Let children learn to be flexible

There is a Chinese saying: “Raising a child for 100 years old is a long-term worry for 99 years. This speaks to the heart of thousands of parents. As the weather turns colder, you are busy adding clothes for your child, but when you see other people’s children running and jumping around wearing only a single coat, you may worry that he is too warm and less able to adapt. If your child doesn’t listen to you and does what he wants to do, you will be annoyed, but if he asks you for everything, you may worry and say, “Oh! Didn’t I teach you that? Why don’t you always know how to adapt?

The power of adaptability from the movie
Spontonsive Flexibility is an element of creativity. If you know how to adapt, you can solve a problem in a different way.

Have you ever seen the movie “Apollo 13”, which is based on a true story? One scene of the movie tells the story of the runaway spacecraft, filtering toxic gas equipment is broken, scientists found that to solve the problem, we need to connect a round interface to a square interface above. Different sizes of water pipes cannot be reliably connected, but they want to connect the round interface? Sounds like you know it is impossible, but if you cannot connect the filter cannot pass the toxic gas, the three astronauts will not be able to return alive! In the end, with the cooperation of each other, they used plastic bags, cardboard, tape and other things to connect the two different interfaces, successfully solved the problem.

Difficulties are an opportunity to develop adaptability
As the saying goes, ” poverty leads to change, change leads to adapt “. The word “poverty” in this context does not mean “poor”, but “at the end of the road”, or “in difficulty”. When things seem to have come to a dead end, only some alternative or different methods can solve the problem.

Fostering adaptability requires that children face difficult problems, think about them, and try to solve them in different ways. In fact, children have to face a lot of problems every day, such as math problems, crafts, and model building, which require them to solve problems. We can make full use of these opportunities to develop their adaptability. 

Inclusion of children’s ideas
We need to be mindful that developing children’s adaptability requires an attitude of tolerance and acceptance of seemingly silly solutions to problems. Since adults have more experience and are better at solving problems than children, they sometimes feel that the solutions children come up with are not good enough. However, the most important thing is that these solutions were thought up by the children themselves, and they can work. Even if they don’t work, they probably make some sense and can barely do it. No matter how “dumb” a child’s approach is, every success and every parental support gives him or her more confidence to solve problems in the future.

Letting your child try
Adults may be able to figure out solutions to problems faster than children, so we need to give children enough time to think and try, and not rush to tell them what they think. Parents should let go of their children and let them face difficulties on their own. “Poverty leads to change”, and the motivation for “change” will be weakened with too much help.

This is the difficulty of being a parent. If you help too much, you worry that your child will not know how to solve problems on his own; if you help too little, you worry that he will not be able to catch up with others; and with so many things to deal with every day, how can you have time to let your child take his time to finish what he has to do every day? However, there are times, such as during the holidays, when we really need to consider slowing down the pace of life and allowing our children to do more of their own work, learn to solve problems in their own way, and develop adaptability.

Written by:Gigamind English Primary School Principal Law

 

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家長園地

「窮則變,變則通」放手讓孩子學會變通

中國有句說話:「養兒一百歲,長憂九十九。」這可算是道出萬千家長的心聲。天氣轉涼,您忙著為他加衣,但看到人家的孩子只穿一件單衣在跑跑跳跳,您可能又擔心他是不是穿得太暖,少了適應能力。孩子不聽話,自把自為,您當然煩惱,但假如他每件事都要問您,您可能又會擔心地說:「唉!不是教過您嗎?怎麼您總是不懂變通?」

從電影看變通力
變通力(Spontonsive Flexibility)是創意的一個元素。懂得變通,就能夠用不同的方法解決一個問題。

大家有看過這套由真人真事改編的電影「太陽神 13 號」嗎?電影其中一幕講述失控的太空船內,過濾有毒氣體的設備壞了,科學家發現要解決這個問題,就要將一個圓形的接口連接到一個方形的接口上面。大小不同的水喉也不能可靠地接上,他們卻要將圓形的接口接上去?聽起來就知道不可能吧,但假如接不上,過瀘不到有毒的氣體,三個太空人就不能活著回來!結果在彼此合作下,他們用膠袋、紙皮、膠帶等東西,將兩個不同的接口連接起來,成功解決問題。

困難是培養變通力的契機
正所謂「窮則變,變則通」,「窮」在這裡不是指「貧窮」,而是指到了盡頭,亦可說是遇到困難。在事情好像走進了死胡同的時候,只有一些另類或與別不同的方法,才可以將問題解決。

培養變通力正需要讓孩子面對難題,透過思考,嘗試用不同的方法將難題解決。其實孩子每天要面對的難題不會少,例如做數學題、做手工和砌模型等,都需要孩子解決一些難題,我們可以充分利用這些機會,培養他們的變通力。

包容孩子的想法
我們要注意,培養孩子的變通力,要有一個包容的態度,接受一些看似愚蠢的解決問題的方法。由於成人的經驗較多,其解決難題的能力會比小朋友強,因此他們有時覺得孩子想出來的方法不夠好。然而,最重要的是這些方法是孩子自己想出來的,而且亦可行。即使方法不太可行,但他們大概講得出一點道理,勉勉強強做得來便可以了。無論孩子的方法多「蠢」,每一次成功,每一次得到父母的支持,都讓他在將來更有信心解決遇到的難題。

放手讓孩子嘗試
成人想出解決問題的方法可能比孩子快,為此我們要讓孩子有足夠的時間去想辦法和嘗試,不要急於將自己的想法告訴他,不然他就少了一次自己解決難題的機會,也就是少了一次進步的機會。父母要放手讓孩子自己面對困難,「窮則變」,在過多的協助下就不會「窮」,「變」的動機也就減弱了。

做父母就是有這個難處,幫得太多或擔心孩子不懂自己解決問題,幫得太少又擔心他追不上別人,而且每天要處理的事情這麼多,又那有時間讓孩子慢慢地完成每天要完成的事情?不過,有些時候,譬如在假日,我們就真的要考慮將生活的節奏減慢下來,讓孩子多處理自己的事情,學習以自己的方法解決困難,發展變通力。

撰文:激活英文小學羅煦鈞校長

 

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Parents Zone

Become a secure attachment for your child.Parent-child interaction is especially important

There is a Chinese saying “the age of three determines 80” and the West has another saying “The future is now”.It is clear that both Chinese and foreign parents have relevant parenting experience and believe that the early years are the golden age for shaping the healthy growth of their children. Many parents understand that they are the key influencers of their children’s growth, and that their children will learn by example, so they have to set an example and start to discipline them at a young age.

I believe that parents focus on disciplining their children’s behavior, but recent studies in medicine, science, psychology, and early childhood development all point to the interaction and relationship between parents and children as the foundation for their children’s development.

“Attachment Theory research clearly shows that as early as 0-18 months of age, a parent or primary caregiver forms a lifelong relationship pattern with the child that will be passed on for the rest of the child’s life. Once a secure attachment relationship is established, it is like a secure base that can be effective in dealing with future turbulent situations and in building the ability to have a successful family relationship.

Conversely, once an insecure relationship pattern is established, it can have a negative impact on an infant’s future growth, emotional processing, and family relationships.

Secure Attachment
The key to establishing a secure attachment pattern is for parents to establish a secure attachment when their child is 0-18 months old. Parents can build secure attachments based on the following suggestions

 ~ Be close to your child often, especially when they need it, such as when they cry and see their parents comforting them so that they know you are always there for them. 
~ Invest emotionally in the parent-child relationship so that your child knows that you enjoy spending time with them and are interested in them, rather than being preoccupied with your own work. So parents need to play with their children from time to time to increase parent-child  nteraction and communication.

~ Parents are sensitive to their children’s emotional needs because children need you not only to meet their physical needs but also to care about their emotions and help them express and respond to them, especially negative emotions. When your child is dancing or smiling, you will help them say, “My baby is so happy! I’m so excited!” When your child is upset or crying, you will pick them up and offer protection and comfort. As they grow older, they will have more complex emotions, such as worry, fear, anger, frustration, and shame, and parents need to encourage and help their children express them, even though their negative emotions may have something to do with them.

Insecure Attachment
I have handled many cases in which the children are smart and well-behaved and have excellent academic  performance, but they are very disturbed emotionally. Their parents think they are leading by example, loving their children and working hard, but they do not understand how their children can have emotional problems. If they look closely at the “attachment pattern” between themselves and their children to see if they are always close to their children, if they are emotionally involved, and if they can meet their children’s  emotional needs, it will be easy to find the core of the problem and help parents rebuild a secure attachment relationship with their children so that they can rely on them and build a foundation for growth.

Written By: Ms. Lui Shuk Jing, Family Dynamics Personal, Marriage and  Family  Therapist

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家長園地

成為孩子安全的依附對象 親子互動尤其重要

俗語有云「三歲定八十」,西方亦有 “The future is now” 的說法,可見中外父母都有相關的育兒經驗,認為幼年時期是塑造孩子健康成長的黃金階段。很多父母都明白自己是影響孩子成長的關鍵人物,孩子會耳濡目染,所以自己要以身作則,從少開始管教他們。筆者認為父母都把焦點放在管教子女的行為上,而近代醫學、科學、心理學和幼兒發展的研究之中,均指出父母與子女的互動和關係才是影響子女成長的基礎。

「依附理論」研究清楚告訴我們,早於孩子在 0 – 18 個月,父母或主要照料者,已跟孩子形成一個影響一生的關係模式,將會承傳一生。安穩的依附關係一旦建立,就好像建立了一個安全基地,可以有效面對日後動盪不安的處境和建立美滿家庭關係的能力。相反,一旦建立不安全的關係模式,對嬰兒日後的成長,情緒處理和家庭關係都會帶來負面影響。

安全的依附關係
能否建立安穩的依附關係模式,關鍵在於孩子在 0 – 18 個月時,家長們可以根據以下建議建立安全的依附關係︰

  • 可經常親近孩子,特別是在孩子有需要的時候,例如哭泣時會見到父母在安慰自己,讓孩子知道您常在他們身邊。
  • 在親子關係投入情感,令孩子知道您喜歡跟他們在一起,對他們有興趣,而不會老是專注自己的工作。所以父母需要不時與子女玩耍,增加親子互動和交流。
  • 父母能夠敏銳回應孩子的情感需要,因為孩子不單只是需要您滿足他們身體温飽的需要,而是更加需要您去關心他們的情緒,幫助他們表達和回應,尤其是負面情緒。當子女手舞足蹈或笑嘻嘻時,您會幫他們說︰「BB好開心!好興奮啊!」當孩子不安或哭泣時,您會抱起他們,並給予保護和安慰;當他們長大些的時候,會有更複雜的情緒,例如擔心、害怕、憤怒、挫敗和羞愧,家長更需要鼓勵和幫助孩子表達,縱使他們的負面情緒可能跟您們有關,亦要給予一定程度的肯定和疏導。

不安全的依附關係
筆者處理不少家庭個案,孩子們都是聰明乖巧和成績優異,卻在情緒上受到很大的困擾,他們的父母認為自己以身作則,愛惜孩子和踏實工作,不明白孩子怎麼會有情緒問題?倘若他們細心觀察自己與子女的「依附關係模式」,看看自己和子女是否經常親近、情感是否投入,以及能否滿足孩子的情感需要,就會不難找到問題的核心所在,從而幫助父母與子女重建安全的依附關係,讓孩子得到依賴,建立成長的基礎。

撰文:家庭動力個人、婚姻及家庭治療師呂淑晶女士