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Parents Zone

Being a parent can be stressful; it’s important to manage anxiety promptly

As parents, we have to juggle work and family responsibilities. Under significant stress, it’s easy to experience anxiety. Anxiety is a natural, built-in response, and it can protect us when our lives are threatened. However, excessive worry can lead to physical discomforts like a racing heart, stomachaches, muscle tension, rapid breathing, headaches, trembling hands, sweating, or frequent urination. If not addressed in a timely manner, it can lead to more serious emotional issues and can also affect family relationships.

Here are three ways to reduce anxiety symptoms. First is practicing relaxation through deep breathing, using diaphragmatic breathing. Inhale slowly through your nose for a count of 4, letting your abdomen rise for 2 seconds, then exhale slowly through your mouth for a count of 4. Pause for 2 seconds and repeat this process 5 to 10 times.

The second method is muscle relaxation exercises. Find a comfortable place to sit or lie down, gently close your eyes, and relax all your muscles. Start by shifting your focus to your feet, tense the muscles in your feet for 10 seconds, and then release. Proceed sequentially, tensing and relaxing the muscles in your legs, arms, neck, and facial muscles.

Lastly, there is imagery relaxation practice. In a quiet place, close your eyes and imagine a comfortable setting, visualizing what you see, hear, smell, and feel for 5 to 10 minutes. Gradually return to the present reality.

Additionally, it’s important to cultivate a positive thinking pattern in your daily life. Try to see the bright side of things at all times rather than dwelling on unhappy thoughts constantly, which can reduce the chances of developing mood disorders.

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How to build self-confidence from a young age?

Parents may ask what tips are available to help children build confidence easily from a young age. I think young children need love. He may be more self-centered and place a lot of emphasis on his relationship with his caregivers, so I think relationships with parents and caregivers are very important. If he has enough trust in the people around him, it will be easier for him to build relationships with the people around him in the future.

The second point is that many parents now go to play groups more often, and often parents take their children to parent-child classes and can finish them without interacting with other children at all. So many times, parents say it is better to take him out to play more often. In fact, going out to play more often or going to play groups more often does not mean that the child’s social skills or the need to socialize with other children will increase. Take the school’s Play Group as an example; the school will try to encourage more interaction between children, such as exchanging objects or even taking care of the people around them. It is hoped that children will know how to share or take care of others, which will help them build social relationships with others in the future.

One thing that parents can do is to start building their social skills early in life. For example, when you take your child out, you can greet people you see in your daily life, such as neighbors, security guards downstairs, or even your aunt near the supermarket. Perhaps starting with gestures as an infant and then using words every day can become a habit of building relationships with people.

The last thing that many parents may not have noticed is that, in my experience, many children who are more introverted or less talkative, or who may not be so outgoing, You will often find that their fathers or mothers have similar personalities, so I think it is important to teach by example. Parents may want to try to take the first step themselves because children often learn by imitation. Parents may want to adjust their own expectations if one of the parents is not an extrovert. I don’t think you need to put too much pressure on yourself or your child to become particularly extroverted.

Source: Aristle International Kindergarten, School Supervisor, Vivian Wu

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家長園地

如何從小建立自信?

家長可能會問有甚麼提示可以幫助小朋友從小容易建立自信?

我認為年紀小的小朋友是很需要愛,他可能比較自我,可能很著重自己與照顧者的關係,所以我覺得與父母及照顧者的關係很重要。如果他對周邊的人有足夠信任,都會令到他日後與他周邊的人建立關係時更容易。

第二點就是很多家長,現在會經常去Play Group。很多時候家長帶小朋友到親子班,可以完全不跟其他小朋友有交流,都能結束親子班。所以很多時候家長說不如多些帶他外出玩,其實多些外出玩或者多到Play Group,不等於小朋友的社交能力或需要與小朋友的社交機會會增加。以學校Play Group為例很,學校盡量都會鼓勵小朋友之間多些互動,例如交換一些物件,甚至是照顧身邊的人。希望小朋友懂得分享或照顧其他人,這些會幫助他以後建立人與人之間的社交關係。

有一樣事情家長也可以做到,就是由生活開始建立他們的社交能力。譬如當帶小朋友外出時,在日常生活看見的人,例如鄰居、樓下保安,甚至超級市場附近的姨姨,可以多些打招呼。可能嬰兒時期用手勢開始,到能運用言語開始每天都做,這可以成為與人建立關係的習慣。

最後一件事很多家長未必有留意,其實以我的經驗,很多比較內斂或者少說話,或是未必那麼外向的小朋友。你會發現很多時候,他們的爸爸或媽媽都有類似的性格,所以我自己覺得身教很重要。爸爸媽媽可以不妨嘗試,自己踏出第一步,因為幼兒很多時候學習是靠模仿開始。家長不妨調節自己的期望,如果爸爸媽媽其中一方,未必是一個外向性格的人。我覺得都不需要給自己或小朋友太大壓力,要變得特別外向。


資料來源:雅士圖國際幼稚園校監胡善盈校監

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Parents Zone

Four behaviors that damage the parent-child relationship

Many parents often ask, “Why is the child so disobedient?” “Why does he hate me so much?” or “He is ignoring me more and more.” In fact, there are four types of behaviors that, over time, will cause our children to despise themselves. Many of the parents that I have met in my day-to-day life often unconsciously say or do things that make their children hate themselves. This is what parents do not notice.

First, comparison. We frequently ask children, “Why are you like this?” “Your younger brother is not like you; he is very neat,” and “look at the students next to me; they listen to their parents. “When we often express ourselves in a “comparison” manner, children will feel disgusted when they hear their mother’s voice.

Secondly, when children do something wrong, parents often overlook the motives behind their behavior. When we find out that a child is doing something wrong, we should first understand what the child is trying to accomplish with the behavior. Do not rule out that they are trying to do something right. Maybe he wants to pour a glass of water for his parents or his brother, or he is not doing his homework well, but in fact, he is doing his best and is just mentally tired.

When he is not doing well, we can first praise his behavior by saying, “Thanks; I know you are nice and want to pour water for us, but don’t spill water again.” “It’s dangerous,” or “Don’t walk so fast.” After we praise the child, he will understand that he is doing the right thing, and then he will listen to his parent’s advice and improve.

Third, parents should pay attention to the end of the day if, in fact, they are full of negative energy and bring emotions into the home. When parents see that their children are not behaving in a satisfactory manner, they may take out their emotions on them in a series of ways. This is not fair to the child, who may have made only a few mistakes but is being blamed for a series of them.

Fourth, parents should be very careful that expressions of anger will misinform their children with inaccurate information. For example, “If you do this, you might not be my son.” When we mistakenly use such an aggressive word, it can be very harmful to the child.

Parents should never commit these four behaviors while children are growing up, or they will hate their parents from an early age.

Source: Senior Parenting Expert, Bally

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家長園地

四大破壞親子關係的行為

不少家長經常會問「為甚麼小朋友這麼不聽話?」、「為甚麼他這麽討厭我?」或「現在愈來愈不理我了。」其實我們當父母的,有四種行為是會令小朋友慢慢地討厭了自己。平日接觸很多家長,他們很多時不自覺地說了一些說話,或者做了一些行為,令小朋友討厭自己,這都是父母沒有留意到的。

第一,是比較。我們經常很自然地對小朋友說「為甚麼你會這樣?」、「弟弟都沒有像你這樣,弟弟很整齊的」及「你看看旁邊的同學多聽父母話」等。當我們經常用「比較」的態度去表達自己時,小朋友一聽到媽媽的聲音,就會覺得很討厭。

第二,很多時候小朋友做錯事,家長都會忽略了其行為背後的動機。當發現小朋友做錯事,我們應先了解行為背後,小朋友想達到的目的,不排除他們是想做一些正確的事。可能是想倒杯水給父母或弟弟,又或他做功課做得不好,其實他已經盡了力,只是精神疲累。

當他做得不好的時候,我們可以先讚賞其行為,「辛苦你了,我知道你很乖想倒水給父母,但是以後不要再倒瀉了」、「這樣很危險的」或「不要走這麽快。」我們讚賞了小朋友後,他便會明白自己是做對了事情,然後才會聽父母建議後再改善。

第三,家長要留意每日下班時,其實是否充滿了負能量,將情緒帶進家裡。當家長看到小朋友行為做得不合意時,可能我們會一連串地地將情緒發洩在小朋友身上。這對小朋友並不公平,可能他只是犯了很少很少的錯誤,卻遭到連串的責怪。

第四,家長要很小心,表達憤怒時會把一些不正確的信息錯誤地灌輸予小朋友。例如「你這樣做,不如不要當我的兒子」。當我們錯誤地用了這麽激動的詞彙,對小朋友的傷害其實是很大的。

家長絕對不可以在小朋友成長過程中犯上這四種行為,否則他們從小就會討厭父母。

資料來源:資深親職教育專家Bally

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Before becoming enraged at their children, parents should ask themselves these three questions

Some parents may be more impulsive and even have a habit of blaming their children for  problems such as disobedience, deliberate anger, or naughtiness. When children fail to do  what they want, they become angry with their parents, but this will gradually alienate them from their parents, which will damage the parent-child relationship in the long run.

Parents’ personalities, families of origin, and parenting methods learned in different ways  will affect parent-child relationships. And the adults’ thoughts will influence their mood. If adults find themselves in frequent conflicts with children, which affect the parent-child relationship, we can ask ourselves three questions.

1) Whether there are other possibilities

If a child is not able to do all the homework required by his or her parents, the first thing   the parents think is that the child is just having fun and not doing homework, but the real    reason may be that they do not know how to do it and need parental guidance. If parents    take preconceived notions as facts, they may ignore the needs and difficulties of their children and damage the parent-child relationship.

2) Whether one’s own thoughts have been confirmed

Some parents often say that their child is “deliberately annoyed” and then see their child’s  behavior as disobedience, but perhaps the reason for the child’s behavior is carelessness, but the parents are influenced by their subjective feelings and misunderstand their child.

3)Are your thoughts helpful to the goal?

If a parent’s goal is to mend the parent-child relationship, but he or she often holds the idea that the child is “deliberately working against him or her,” is this thinking really helpful to his or her goal? Parents can try to find more realistic and justifiable ideas to help them  achieve their goals.

Written by: Caritas Rehabilitation Services,Clinical Psychologist, Yu Kwok Ting

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家長園地

對孩子發怒前 家長先反問自己這3個問題

有些家長性格可能比較衝動,甚至習慣將問題歸咎於孩子身上,例如孩子不聽話、故意激怒家長或頑皮等。而當孩子做不到自己要求時會對孩子發怒,但這樣會令孩子逐漸疏遠父母,長遠下來會破壞親子關係。

父母的性格、原生家庭及在不途徑學習的育兒方法,都會影響親子的相處模式及親子關係。而大人想法本身都會影響大人的心情,如果大人發現自己與小朋友相處,經常出現衝突,影響了親子關係,我們可以向自己反問3個問題:

1)有否其他可能性
假如孩子不能按照父母要求完全功課,父母的第一想法大多是孩子只顧玩樂而不做功課,但真正原因可能是他們不懂得做,需要家長的指導,如果家長把先入為主的想法當作事實,可能就會忽略孩子的需要和困難,破壞親子關係。

2) 自己的想法有否被證實
有些家長常常說孩子是「故意惹怒他」,然後把孩子的行為看作是孩子不聽話,但可能孩子做出行為的原因只是不小心,但父母就被主觀感覺影響誤會了孩子。

3) 自己的想法對目標有幫助嗎?
如果家長的目標是希望修補親子關係,但自己經常抱持孩子是「故意和自己作對」的想法,這種想法對自己的目標真的有幫助嗎?家長可以嘗試找一些比較現實、有理據的想法,才能幫助自己達到目標。

撰文:明愛康復服務臨床心理學家余國婷

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What are the reasons why children are slow at doing their homework?

Whether for children or parents, doing homework is the biggest problem. Even during the summer break, many parents find it a headache. Parents often fight with their children, which worsens their relationship. In fact, there are three main reasons for slow homework.

First, excessive activity. At home, children frequently run around, climb up and down, and run from the bathroom to the kitchen, then to their room. They never stop, like a motorcycle moving around. Imagine how painful it is to make them do their homework. If you give them a table and chair, they will never sit still. When they finally settle down, they keep fidgeting and moving their bodies, like they have ants in their pants.

To start doing homework, they pick up the pen and say they need to go to the bathroom, then say they need to pee, poop, or that they are hungry and need to eat something. They always have an excuse to leave the chair. It usually takes them 1 to 2 hours to settle down to do homework, which is called excessive activity. Children who are excessively active will definitely do their homework slowly, not because they are slow, but because they need more time to settle down.

For older children, like middle school students or upper elementary school students, they may not necessarily run around, but they often shake their legs, constantly shaking to the point where the whole table is moving. For example, they may spin their pen around and around. Don’t underestimate this leg shaking, pen spinning, and body moving actions; they are actually symptoms of hyperactivity.

Secondly, they have weak concentration. Children with insufficient concentration may be able to sit down, but they stare at you like a cloud, daydreaming, completely unaware of what they are doing. They hold a pencil and look at their homework, but they are just looking at it and can never absorb the first question. So they may be able to sit down, but they will always stay on the first question, constantly distracted by phone calls or doorbells, and they can never focus.

Some parents have complained to us that if it is a hyperactive child, they will need to walk around in the first hour, and children with poor concentration will be daydreaming for the first hour, and it will take until the second hour before they can continue, and they will do it very slowly.

Thirdly, weak reading and writing ability. You may have heard of reading and writing disorders, which are more severe cases. However, some children do not have reading and writing disorders, but their reading and writing abilities are weak. This includes Chinese, English, and mathematics, including reading and writing. It seems difficult for them to read and spell, and they can never seem to remember simple words. Writing is always reversed; left and right are reversed, just like in a mirror, and some even turn things upside down.

These types of children can sit still and will do so when asked. They can also concentrate well. But what happens? They will sit and do their homework, but they will sweat profusely while doing so. However, after completing their work, every question is wrong, and they cannot remember or understand anything. This may be due to reading and writing problems, which can slow down their homework.

I just mentioned three reasons, which one is it exactly? Of course, some children may have all three, but if parents can pay attention, they shouldn’t just blame the child. When he is working slowly, first pay attention to which of the three reasons the child belongs to. If you know which reason he belongs to, then we can prescribe the right treatment and get twice the result with half the effort.

Source:Dr Hui Lung Kit

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家長園地

小朋友做功課慢有甚麼原因?

無論對小朋友或家長而言,做功課都是最大的問題,不是平日做功課,就算是暑假作業,很多家長都覺得很頭痛。家長經常和小朋友鬥法,於是令大家的關係變差,其實做功課慢這回事究竟成因是甚麼呢?其實做功課慢是有三種主要原因。

第一,過度活躍。小朋友經常跑來跑去,在家裡爬上爬下,由洗手間跑到廚房又跑到房間,跑來跑去,永遠都不會停止,像個摩托一樣走來走去。那麼你想一想如果要他做功課是多麼痛苦的一件事,你給他一張桌子及椅子,他永遠都坐不久。當他真的可以安定坐下來,他就會不停擺來擺去,身體不停擺動,就像屁股刺到一樣。

因為要開始做功課,一拿起筆便說要到洗手間,去完小便又說要大便,之後又說肚子餓要吃東西,永遠都有藉口要離開椅子。一坐下來直到可以安定做功課,往往需要1至2個小時,這個便稱為過度活躍。過度活躍的小朋友做功課一定慢,不過並不是做得慢,而是較慢才能安定下來。

年紀較大的例如中學生,又或是高小生,他們不一定會跑來跑去,但他們很多時候會抖腿,不停地抖,抖得整張桌子都在動。又例如轉筆,不停地轉、轉來轉去。你不要小看這些抖腿、轉筆及擺動身體的動作,其實這些都是過度活躍的症狀。

第二,專注力弱。專注力不足的小朋友或許可以坐定,但他看著你就像一朵雲做白日夢,完全不知道自己在做甚麼,拿著鉛筆又看著功課,就只是看著,永遠都不能吸收第一條題目。於是他們或可以坐定,但會一直停留在第一條題目,永遠都是在做第一條,然後電話聲響會去看一下,門鐘響又會看一下,永遠都不能專心。

有一些家長向我們投訴,如果是過度活躍的小朋友,在首1個小時便要走來走去;專注力不足的小朋友在首個小時都在做夢,要到第2個小時才能繼續做下去,而且會做得很慢。

第三,讀寫能力弱。大家或許已聽過讀寫障礙,讀寫障礙是一些較嚴重的個案,但有些小朋友不算是讀寫障礙,但他的讀寫能力很弱,讀寫能力是包括中文、英文及數學,包括了讀和寫,他唸下去好像很困難,不知為何同一個詞語,很簡單而已,永遠都不能記進腦裡。寫字永遠都是反過來的,左右會反過來,就像一面鏡子,還有一些會上下倒轉。

這類型的小朋友是可以坐定,吩咐他們坐下便會坐定,也會很專注,但是他們會怎麼樣呢?他們會坐著做功課,但做得滿頭大汗。不過做完以後,每一條題目都是錯的,每樣都記不下來又不懂,這就可能是讀寫問題,引致做功課慢。

剛剛說過三個原因,究竟是哪一種呢?當然有些小朋友三種都有,但如果家長能留意一下,不要只責罵小朋友。當他做得慢的時候,先留意小朋友是三種之中的哪一種。如果知道他屬於哪種原因,那時候我們要對症下藥便能事半功倍了。

資料來源:許龍傑醫生

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Thousands of lies to avoid doing homework. What should parents do?

Every time a child does homework, he or she falsely claims to have a stomachache, to go  to the bathroom, or to go to sleep—thousands of lies and excuses. Parents who value  character development are naturally outraged because they have zero tolerance for dishonesty in their children. But why do children always avoid doing their homework? Why do they have to lie to cover it up?

Often, children avoid doing homework not because they don’t want to, but because they can’t. Children want to be good and smart, but when they find out they can’t do their homework, they think they are not smart enough. When they find out they can’t do their homework, they think they are not smart enough. They can’t accept this and will lie to cover it up and avoid it. Generally speaking, children with normal intelligence but learning disabilities will have their academic performance affected to some degree, but they can perform well in other areas as well. Regardless of their intelligence level, with the right approach and the right amount of training, they will be able to develop the appropriate skills. 

But why do people tell lies? When a person feels that he or she is in an uncomfortable situation, he or she will activate the defense mechanism to protect himself or herself. Lying is one of the ways to escape a crisis. If parents want to help their children, they need to give them the courage to tell the truth so that they can understand what their children really don’t understand.

How do you get your child to be brave enough to tell the truth? You need to let your child know that even if he or she is not smart enough, you will still love him or her so much, take pleasure in him or her, be patient with him or her, and work together to help him or her solve their problems, thus building his or her sense of security and giving him or her the peace of mind to reveal his or her innermost doubts and difficulties. But on the  contrary, if his experience makes him think that he is not smart enough, which will lead to his mother’s anger and complaints, he will not dare to tell the truth and even activate his self-protection mechanism to protect himself with lies that adults can uncover at first glance.

Written by: Family Dynamics, Psychological Counselor, Lai Shun Mei

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